Past or Prior - Deciding When a Runner Has Passed a Base

[Lindsay]

Runner Brandon Belt was ruled out for failing to retouch a base based on the interpretation for passing a base, and specifically, the question of, "when is a runner said to have passed a base?" Belt runs past second base on his way to first.With one out and one on (R1) in the top of the 7th inning...

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[dumbdumb]

11 hours ago, Gil said:

Runner Brandon Belt was ruled out for failing to retouch a base based on the interpretation for passing a base, and specifically, the question of, "when is a runner said to have passed a base?" Belt runs past second base on his way to first.With one out and one on (R1) in the top of the 7th inning...

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So, Gil, the words are confusing, on one hand it seems like the words are that the feet (lead foot and trail foot) have to be on the ground past the base, but then later in the same sentence it seems to say the last foot (trail foot) has to only break the back plane in the air.

So, mainly for overrunning first base (or any base for that matter-but first base is touched more than any of the other bases) does the trail foot have to be on the ground for missing the base or does the trail foot breaking the back edge of the plain determine missing the base. If the ball arrives while the trail foot is in the air and has broken the back edge plain but not yet touching the ground is the runner safe and appeal process starts, or is it if the trail foot has landed on the ground, now the runner is safe and now appeal process starts.

Trail foot breaking the plane past the back edge or trail foot on the ground past the back edge and the appeal process has to start for a runner missing the base?

And is the answer true for all rules sets.

[Lindsay]

Both feet must be on the ground past the leading two edges of the base in order for a runner to be considered to have passed the base.

There's a difference between MLB and MiLB in how they want this play officiated at bases other than home plate. In MLB (Wendelstedt/MLBUM), either the runner or the base he missed may be tagged for an out. In MiLB (PBUC/MiLBUD), the runner must be tagged for an out (not the base). http://www.closecallsports.com/2016/07/case-play-2016-6-overrunning-first-base.html.

This is what NFHS says:

Quote

NOTE: When a play by its very nature is imminent and is obvious to the offense, defense and umpire(s), no verbal appeal is necessary, e.g. runner attempting to retouch a base that was missed, or a failure to tag up and a throw has been made to that base or plate while a play is in progress.

And this is what NCAA says:

Quote

For failure to touch a base advancing or returning: The runner is out if touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder before returning to each untouched base. If the base missed was one to which the runner was forced, the runner is out when tagged or if the ball is held by a fielder on any base the runner failed to touch (including home plate)