When are Missed Base Appeals Allowed?

[Slippery Fish]

My coworker showed me a video the other day that made me realize I have some gaps in my knowledge. Couldn't find the original video but I found a similar play linked below.

https://www.mlb.com/news/catcher-sits-cross-legged-to-block-home-plate

Easy call in that video, runner gives himself up and gets tagged. Out. But let's say the runner didn't give himself. In the video I saw the catcher sitting on home plate and the runner stare each other down for several seconds before the runner made a diving attempt at home plate. Do we just allow this standoff to happen indefinitely? Or at some point can the catcher appeal the missed base by stepping on home plate? 

Also, is the standard different for plays at bases other than home?

Finally, this is a side tangent, but when I was looking up this rule, I noticed rule 5.09(c)(3) right above it.

Is that correct that the runner in this situation can be called out if the base is touched?! I'm thinking of a BR overrunning first base and the defense sails the throw to F3. BR takes a couple of steps towards second and then changes his mind and decides to return to first. Can he be called out if the defense touches the base, not just if he's tagged? Or am I missing something here?

Any guidance is appreciated! 

[noumpere]

If a runner misses the plate and is attempting to return, he must be tagged.

 

22 minutes ago, Slippery Fish said:

BR takes a couple of steps towards second

BR is no longer "overruning first" -- so it's just like any other runner off a base -- must be tagged to be out.

[Slippery Fish]

22 hours ago, noumpere said:

If a runner misses the plate and is attempting to return, he must be tagged.

So if you have a standoff at home plate where neither F2 nor the runner are moving, that counts as an attempt to return and requires a tag?

--

Also, should have done a bit more reading before I asked about 5.09(c)(3).

I see in rule 5.09(b)(11) that you can appeal by touching the base if the runner is going back to the dugout or his position but hasn't yet committed abandonment. Never seen that, but I'm assuming that's there so you don't have to chase him down.